The following article, authored by Shah Mahmud Qureshi, is republished from his book Crescent and Lotus: A Study on the Intellectual History of the Muslims of Bengal (up to 1947), whose comprehensive English edition was published in 2016 by the André Malraux Institute of Culture. Examining the intellectual evolution of Bengal’s Muslims within broader social, religious, literary, and colonial contexts, the article offers a significant contribution to the study of Muslim though